2019 - 2020 General Catalogue 
    
    May 09, 2024  
2019 - 2020 General Catalogue [ARCHIVED CATALOG]

Course Descriptions | 10


Abbreviation of Courses

Accounting (AC)
Agribusiness (AB)
Air Force Studies (AFS)
Anthropology (AN)
Art (AT)
Athletic Training (AH)
Automotive Technician (AU)
Biology (BY)
Business Administration (BA)
Business Quantitative Analysis (BQ)
Chemistry (CH)
Computer Information Systems (CS)
Cooperative Education (CEP)
Criminal Justice (CJ)
Early Childhood Education (CE)
Earth Science (ES)
Economics (EC)
Education (ED)
Educational Psychology (EP)
Elementary Education (EE)
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
English (EH)
English as a Second Language (ESL)
Environmental Science (EN)
Exercise Science (EX)
Finance (FI)
Foreign Language (FL)
French (FR)
Geology (GE)
Graduate Management Admission Testing (GMAT)
Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
Geography (GY)
Health Science (HE)
Health and Physical Education (HPE)
History (HY)

Homeland Security (HS)
Honors Program (HR)
Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC)
Interdisciplinary Studies (IDS)
Japanese (JP)
Journalism (JN)
Management (MG)
Marketing (MK)
Mathematics (MH)
Music (MU)
Nonprofit Leadership and Philanthropy (NLP)
Nursing (NS)
Online Learning (OLL)
Online Teaching (OT)
Philosophy (PL)
Physical Education (PE)
Physics (PH)
Political Science (PS)
Psychology (PY)
Social Work (SW)
Sociology (SY)
Spanish (SP)
Special Education (SE)
Special Education/Elementary/Early Childhood (SEC)
Speech (SH)
Sport Management (SM)
Student Affairs Leadership (SAL)
Study Abroad (ST)
Technology (TY)
Theatre (TH)
University Experience (UWA)
Varsity Athletics (VA)
Welding Technology (WT)

 

 

The Unit of Credit

The unit of credit at UWA is the semester hour. One semester hour represents one hour of class work or two hours of laboratory work each week throughout the semester. Two hours per week of out-of-class preparation is usually required for each semester hour of credit.

The Numbering System

UWA uses a three-digit numbering system. The first digit designates the level of the course, as follows:

000-099 — compensatory courses
100-199 — courses primarily for freshmen
200-299 — courses primarily for freshmen and sophomores
300-499 — courses primarily for upper-level undergraduate students (juniors and seniors)

The second digit is reserved to the department to designate relevant classifications of courses within the respective disciplines. The third digit is used to designate sequence of courses (but not necessarily prerequisites) or to distinguish a special type of course, such as independent study.

 

ATHLETIC TRAINING (AH)

  
  • AH 331. Therapeutic Modalities in Athletic Training Laboratory (1)


    Assigned specific laboratory experiences in therapeutic modality application. Must be taken concurrently with AH 330  and serves as its laboratory. Corequisites: AH 330 . Course fee: $20.00.
  
  • AH 340. Rehabilitation of Injuries (3)


    Equipment, techniques, and procedures for injury rehabilitation. Strengthening, flexibility, muscular and cardiovascular endurance conditioning, and proprioceptive training. Prerequisites: AH 330 , PE 443 . Prerequisite or corequisite PE 444 .
  
  • AH 341. Rehabilitation of Injuries Laboratory (1)


    Assigned specific laboratory experiences in rehabilitation of injuries. Must be taken concurrently with AH 340  and serves as its laboratory. Corequisites: AH 340 . Course fee: $20.00.
  
  • AH 350. Organization and Administration of Athletic Training (2)


    Organizational/administrative procedures and legal aspects of athletic training and sports medicine. Prerequisites: AH 200 . Course fee: $20.00.
  
  • AH 381. Athletic Training Clinical Education III (1)


    Designed to evaluate specific clinical proficiencies, introduced the previous semesters, which have been established by the National Athletic Trainers' Association. One hundred eighty five hours clinical experience. Prerequisites: Admission to the athletic training program. Course fee: $35.00.
  
  • AH 382. Athletic Training Clinical Education IV (1)


    Designed to evaluate specific clinical proficiencies, introduced the previous semesters, which have been established by the National Athletic Trainers' Association. One hundred eighty five hours clinical experience. Prerequisites: Admission to the athletic training program. Course fee: $35.00.
  
  • AH 397. Independent Study in Athletic Training (1-3)


    Offers qualified undergraduate students an opportunity for independent study in athletic training. Specific content and nature of courses are determined by student individual needs and interests. Research papers required. One to three semester hours per semester, may be repeated for a maximum of six semester hours credit. Prerequisites: Permission of the Dean.
  
  • AH 400. Clinical Decisions in Athletic Training (1)


    Provides majors with an opportunity for instruction, discussion and laboratory activities in clinical decision making related to prevention, evaluation, treatment, and rehabilitation in patient care. Prerequisites: AH 340 .
  
  • AH 401. Professional Practice and Techniques of Athletic Training (3)


    Overview of techniques, practices, and approaches utilized by athletic trainers in prevention, recognition, care, treatment, and rehabilitation of injuries. Includes taping, wrapping, protective equipment fabrication and application. Two lecture hours and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Admission to the Master of Athletic Training Program.
  
  • AH 408. Seminar in Athletic Training (1)


    Provides student with information, practice exams, and counseling pertinent to professional careers in athletic training and sports medicine. Two lecture hours per week. Prerequisites: Senior standing or permission of the athletic training program director.
  
  • AH 409. Pre-professional Clinical Experience (1-4)


    Provides structured full-time field experience (60 clock hours per credit hour) related to one of the following employment areas in the professional of athletic training under the direct guidance of an NATABOC certified athletic trainer: sports medicine clinic, secondary school, industrial/corporate, collegiate, and professional sports. May be repeated for a maximum of four semester hours of credit. Prerequisites: Nine semester hours of athletic training and approval of athletic training program director.
  
  • AH 420. Fundamental Skills in Athletic Training (3)


    General injury/illness assessment techniques with emphasis placed on the specifics of the assessment process including history, observation, palpation, physical examination and use of outcome measures. Two lecture hours and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Admission to the Master of Athletic Training Program.
  
  • AH 420. Fundamental Skills in Athletic Training (3)


    General injury/illness assessment techniques with emphasis placed on the specifics of the assessment process including history, observation, palpation, physical examination and use of outcome measures. Two lecture hours and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Admission to the Master of Athletic Training Program.
  
  • AH 430. Psychological Aspects of Athletic Training (2)


    Explore the psychological aspects of injury/illness experienced by the active population.  Review psychological dispositions and tendencies predisposing populations to injury/illness.  Recognition/assessment and management/treatment techniques to address injury/illness. Prerequisites:   and senior standing.
  
  • AH 432. Managing Medical Emergencies (3)


    Addresses the components and implementation of emergency action plans and critical aspects of a primary survey beyond that of CPR/FAAED/Basic Life Support. Management techniques in critical care that challenges students with critical thinking and real life scenarios including opportunities for interaction with local EMS. Prerequisites: Admission to the Master of Athletic Training Program.
  
  • AH 432. Managing Medical Emergencies (3)


    Addresses the components and implementation of emergency action plans and critical aspects of a primary survey beyond that of CPR/FAAED/Basic Life Support. Management techniques in critical care that challenges students with critical thinking and real life scenarios including opportunities for interaction with local EMS. Prerequisites: Admission to the Master of Athletic Training Programs.
  
  • AH 432. Therapeutic Modalities and Lab (3)


    Techniques, indications, and procedures in application of therapeutic modalities including thermotherapy, cryotherapy, light, sound, electricity, compression, traction, and massage with specific laboratory experiences in therapeutic modality application.
  
  • AH 440. Therapeutic Exercise and Lab (3)


    Equipment, techniques, and procedures for injury rehabilitation. Strengthening, flexibility, muscular and cardiovascular endurance conditioning, and proprioceptive training with specific laboratory experiences in rehabilitation of injuries.
  
  • AH 481. Athletic Training Clinical Education V (1)


    Designed to evaluate specific clinical proficiencies, introduced the previous semesters, which have been established by the National Athletic Trainers' Association. Two hundred fifty hours clinical experience. Prerequisites: Admission to the athletic training program. Course fee: $35.00.
  
  • AH 482. Athletic Training Clinical Education VI (1)


    Designed to evaluate specific clinical proficiencies, introduced the previous semesters, which have been established by the National Athletic Trainers' Association. Two hundred fifty hours clinical experience. Prerequisites: Admission to the athletic training program. Course fee: $35.00.
  
  • AH 489. Athletic Training Internship (6-12)


    Multiple week field experience under the supervision of a certified athletic trainer in an approved school, university, clinical, corporate, public, private, commercial, performing arts, or military setting related to athletic training. May be repeated for a maximum of twelve semester hours of credit. Prerequisites: At least thirty hours in athletic training major.
  
  • AH 498. Selected Topics in Athletic Training (1-3)


    Critical readings, lectures, discussions, and laboratory experiences in athletic training not generally included in course offerings. Specific content and nature of course determined by student needs and interests. May be repeated for a maximum of six semester hours of credit. Prerequisites: Permission of the Dean.

AUTOMOTIVE TECHNICIAN (AU)

  
  • AU 101. Fundamentals of Automotive Technology (3)


    This course provides basic instruction in fundamentals of automotive technology. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 112. Electrical Fundamentals (3)


    This course introduces the principles and laws of electricity. Emphasis is placed on wiring diagrams, test equipment, and identifying series, parallel and series-parallel circuits. Upon completion, students should be able to calculate, build, and measure circuits. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 124. Automotive Engines (3)


    This course provides instruction on the operation, design, and superficial repair of automotive engines. Emphasis is placed on understanding the four stroke cycle, intake and exhaust manifolds and related parts, engine mechanical timing components, engine cooling and lubrication system principles and repairs, and basic fuel and ignition operation. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 127. Automotive Braking and Steering / Steering and Suspension Systems (3)


    This course provides instruction in automotive technology or auto mechanics. Emphasis is placed on the practical application maintenance and repair of brakes, steering, and suspensions systems. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 130. Drive Trains and Axles (3)


    This course provides basic instruction in automotive drive trains and axles. Emphasis is placed on the understanding and application of basic internal and external operation relating to proper operation and drivability. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 133. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (3)


    This course provides basic instruction in theory, operation, and repair of automotive heating and air conditioning systems. Emphasis is placed on the understanding and repair of vehicle air conditioning and heating systems, including but not limited to air management, electrical and vacuum controls, refrigerant recovery, and component replacement. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 162. Electrical Electronic Systems (3)


    This is an intermediate course in automotive electrical and electronic systems.  Emphasis is placed on troubleshooting and repair of battery, starting, charging, and lighting systems, subsystems, and components. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 212. Advanced Electrical / Electronic Systems (3)


    This course provides instruction in advanced automotive electrical and electronic systems. Emphasis is placed on troubleshooting and repair of advanced electrical and electronic systems, subsystems, and components. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 231. Engine Repair (3)


    This course provides instruction on the operation, design, and superficial repair of automotive engines. Emphasis is placed on understanding the four stroke cycle, intake and exhaust manifolds and related parts, engine mechanical timing components, engine cooling and lubrication system principles and repairs, and basic fuel and ignition operation.
  
  • AU 235. Transmissions and Transaxles (3)


    This course covers basic instruction in manual and automatic transmissions and transaxles. Emphasis is placed on the understanding and application of basic internal and external operation relating to proper operation and drivability. Instruction includes the principles and power-flow of automatic transmissions and repairing or replacing internal and external components. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 239. Engine Performance (3)


    This course provides basic instruction in engine performance with emphasis on fuel and ignition systems relating to engine operation. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 248. Engine Performance, Diagnostics, and Emissions (3)


    This course provides advanced instruction on engine performance to include engine management, computer controls of ignition, fuel, and emission systems relating to engine performance and drivability. Instruction includes troubleshooting and repair of systems, subsystems, and components. Course fee: $55.00.
  
  • AU 291. Work-Based Learning (1-3)


    These courses constitute a series wherein the student works on a part-time basis in a job directly related to automotive mechanics. In these courses the employer evaluates the student's productivity and the student submits a descriptive report of his work experiences. Upon completion, the student will demonstrate skills learned in an employment setting.  One to three semester hours per semester.  May be repeated for a maximum of three semester hours credit.
  
  • AU 293. Work-Based Learning (1-3)


    These courses constitute a series wherein the student works on a part-time basis in a job directly related to automotive mechanics. In these courses the employer evaluates the student's productivity and the student submits a descriptive report of his work experiences. Upon completion, the student will demonstrate skills learned in an employment setting.  One to three semester hour per semester.  May be repeated for a maximum of three semester hours credit.

BIOLOGY (BY)

  
  • BY 101. Introductory Biology I (4)


    Fundamental biology and chemistry of the cell, including structure, function, replication, metabolism, and genetics, with emphasis on contemporary examples that relate to humans. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 102. Introductory Biology II (4)


    Evolution, diversity, and ecology of plants and animals. This course may not be used to satisfy the requirements for a major or minor in biology. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 101 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 103. Honors Biology (4)


    Designed for students participating in the Honors Program. The following topics are covered, with an emphasis upon contemporary problems in each unit: chemical and structural bases of life, genetics, reproduction and development. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: ACT composite score of 22 or higher and an ACT science reasoning score of 24 or higher. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 104. Principles of Biology (4)


    A comprehensive study of the chemical aspects of living systems, cellular structure, function and replication, metabolism, and genetics. This course is designed for biology and other science majors and minors. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 111. Basic Greenhouse Practices (1-3)


    Students work in a greenhouse situation and pursue individualized projects dealing with the identification, care, and propagation of ornamental plants. Special project and readings are required. May not be counted toward the requirements for a major or minor in biology. May be repeated for a maximum of three semester hours credit. Prerequisites: Permission of the Dean. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 121. Introduction to Marine Biology (1)


    An introduction to characteristics, behavior, and environment of marine plant and animal species of the northern Gulf of Mexico.  Designed for high school students.  Forty hours of lecture/field work/laboratory per week for four weeks. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 204. Medical Ethics (3)


    An introduction to medical ethics in which basic ethical systems and principles of ethical reasoning will be explored in the context of medical situations.
  
  • BY 212. General Botany (4)


    Survey of selected monerans, protistans, and plants, with emphasis on processes, structure, selected life histories, ecology, and the importance of each group to humans. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 103  or BY 104 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 222. General Zoology (4)


    Survey of major taxa of the animal kingdom and introduction to animal anatomy, physiology, ecology, and evolution. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 103  or BY 104 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 231. Human Anatomy and Physiology I (4)


    Gross and microscopic anatomy and functions of the integumentary, skeletal, nervous, and muscular systems of the human body. Cannot be used to satisfy requirements for a major or minor in biology. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 101  or BY 103  or BY 104 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 232. Human Anatomy and Physiology II (4)


    Gross and microscopic anatomy and functions of the circulatory, urinary, respiratory, digestive, endocrine, and reproductive systems. Cannot be used to satisfy requirements for a major or minor in biology. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 231 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 233. Applied Nutrition (3)


    Metabolic functions of essential nutrients and their relation to the growth and maintenance of the body. Nutritional requirements of different age levels and dietary assessment. Clinical application of diet therapy is emphasized. Cannot be used to satisfy requirements for a major or minor in biology. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 232 .
  
  • BY 234. Medical Terminology (3)


    Medical vocabulary, spelling, pronunciation, and word-building using prefixes, root words, and suffixes. Designed primarily for students in allied health and pre-professional areas of medicine. Three lecture per week. Prerequisites: BY 231  and BY 232 .
  
  • BY 240. Applied Microbiology (4)


    Biology of microorganisms with emphasis on their relation to other organisms and to the health of humans. Cannot be used to satisfy requirements for a major or minor in biology. Three lecture and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites:  . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 289. Laboratory Practicum (1)


    Provides an introduction to the planning, preparation, teaching and evaluation of laboratory and/or field activities. Emphasis on use of laboratory equipment, safety regulations, hazardous waste disposal and teaching resources. Two contact hours per week. Prerequisites: Twelve hours of biology and permission of the instructor and the Dean.
  
  • BY 307. Independent Study in Biology (1-8)


    Independent study in the biological sciences. Content and nature of the courses are determined by the individual needs and interests of the student. One or more research projects and papers are required. One to four semester hours per semester, may be repeated for a maximum of eight semester hours credit. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and the Dean. Course fee: amount varies.
  
  • BY 308. Seminar in Biology (1)


    Use of the library and methods of literature search including computer access of literature databases. May be repeated for a maximum of three semester hours credit. Prerequisites: BY 212  or BY 222 .
  
  • BY 309. Biological Science Internship (1-4)


    Open only to majors in biology. The student, working with an assigned biology faculty member, applies for an internship at an approved site. The internship must be approved by the Dean. The student provides a written report at the end of the internship to the assigned biology faculty member. This report, with an evaluation by the intern director at the site, is the basis on which a letter grade is assigned. This course may be repeated for a maximum of four semester hours credit. Prerequisites: Twelve semester hours of biology.
  
  • BY 314. Trees and Shrubs of Alabama (4)


    Woody plants in natural environments, with emphasis on identification, taxonomy, and economic importance of trees and shrubs of the Southeastern U.S. Prerequisites: BY 212 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 320. Invertebrate Zoology (4)


    Survey of invertebrate phyla, emphasizing morphology, physiology, and phylogenetic relationships. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 330. Hematology (4)


    Human blood cells, blood forming organs, and abnormalities involving these cells and/or organs. Cell morphology, methods of cell enumeration, and basic hematology testing are emphasized. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 331. Immunology (4)


    Host defense against infectious agents, emphasis on mechanisms of humoral immunity (antigens/antibodies), cellular immunity, and hypersensitivities. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 340. Microbiology (4)


    Concepts and techniques relating to the morphology, taxonomy, physiology, and culture methods of microbes, with emphasis on those of special importance to humans. Three lecture hours and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 103  or BY 104 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 367. Independent Study in Marine Biology (1-8)


    Independent study in marine biology and/or a related area of the marine sciences. Content and nature of the courses are determined by the individual needs and interests of the student. One or more research projects and papers are required. One to four semester hours per semester, may be repeated for a maximum of eight semester hours credit. Prerequisites: Permission of the instructor and the Dean. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 375. Microbes to Molecules (3)


    Provide the venue for the investigation of biological and chemical diversity of microbes in soil and a platform from which to teach different biological concepts. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 103  or BY 104 .
  
  • BY 380. Genetics (4)


    Basic principles of heredity and their significance. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 212 , BY 222 , and CH 111 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 389. Advanced Laboratory Practicum in Biology (1)


    This course will provide advanced training in the planning, preparation, teaching and evaluation of laboratory and/or field activities in a specific area of biology. Emphasis is on techniques specific to a particular discipline within the field. Five contact hours per week. This course may be repeated for a maximum of three semester hours credit. Prerequisites: Twenty semester hours in biology and permission of instructor and Dean.
  
  • BY 392. History of Life on Earth (4)


    A survey of life and geological settings through time, including methods, principles of evolution and stratigraphy, practical experience with collecting and analyzing fossils, and cultural implications. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Eight hours of biology and GE 102 , or permission of instructor. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 393. Paleontology (4)


    Taxonomic principles; identification, characteristics, and evolution of the geologically important fossil groups; principles of biostratigraphy; and the cataloguing of fossils collected in the field. Includes several local and one day field trips. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Twelve hours of biology and permission of Dean. Corequisites: Recommend ES 100  as prerequisite or corequisite. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 400. Senior Seminar (1)


    A capstone course in which students of biological sciences consolidate their academic experience and develop skills necessary to enter the work force or to further their education in graduate programs of biological or environmental sciences. This course will also be used to evaluate the efficacy to which departmental objectives are being accomplished. To be taken the penultimate semester of the degree program unless earlier permission is granted by the Chairperson.
  
  • BY 404. Research Design and Data Analysis (3)


    A study of the planning, organizing, and implementing of scientific research experiments. Computer based data treatment, graphing, and analysis methods are covered in detail. Prerequisites: MH 114  and 20 hours in biology and/or environmental sciences
  
  • BY 408. Selected Topics in Biology (1-4)


    Requirements and interests of students determine the topics offered, such as aquatic biology, biological illustrations, helminthology, histology, protozoology, or others. Prerequisites: Twelve semester hours of biology and permission of the instructor and the Dean. Course fee: amount varies.
  
  • BY 410. Field Botany (4)


    Methods for the collection and identification of vascular plants in natural environments, including plant identification, taxonomy, systematics, collection, preservation, and ecological interactions. Includes one weekend field trip. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 212 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 413. Plant Biodiversity (4)


    Evolution, morphology, anatomy, reproduction, and classification of land plants (bryophytes, ferns, fern allies, gymnosperms, flowering plants and fossil lineages). Prerequisites: BY 212 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 414. Marine Botany (4)


    Structure, reproduction, identification, distribution, and ecology of marine and estuarine algae, vascular, and nonvascular plants. Twenty-four hours of lecture/field work/laboratory work per week. Prerequisites: BY 212 . Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 415. Economic Botany (3)


    The economic uses of plants from around the world with emphasis placed on particular plant species that are utilized for fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, beverages, oils, fibers, wood, resins, etc.  Also included is plant domestication, centers of origin, cultivation, harvest practices, parts used, and preparation.  Online only.

  
  • BY 416. Endangered Species of Alabama (3)


    A survey of the federally listed plant and animal species that occur in Alabama with emphasis on biology, habitat, distribution, pertinent environmental factors, and conservation efforts for each species. The legal process of how a species becomes federally listed is also considered.
  
  • BY 417. Invasive Species of Alabama (3)


    A survey of invasive plant and animal species that occur in Alabama with emphasis on biology, habitat, pertinent environmental factors, biological strategies and control efforts for each species. The overarching impact to the natural landscape and how they impact humans is also considered.
  
  • BY 418. The Tombigbee River (4)


    A two-week ecological field study of the Tombigbee River basin. Participants travel the basin by land and water while camping. Topics covered will include the relevant geology, hydrology, ecology, economics, water quality, and history of the Tombigbee River basin.
  
  • BY 420. Field Zoology (4)


    A detailed study of the fauna of western Alabama, including collection, identification, taxonomy, systematics, preservation, and ecological interactions. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Course fee: $155.00.
  
  • BY 421. Parasitology (4)


    Taxonomy, morphology, and host parasite relationships of the major parasites of humans and other selected animals. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites:  . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 423. Biology of Fishes (4)


    Survey of the fishes emphasizing their evolution, systematics, anatomy, physiology, and ecology. Prerequisites: twelve (12) semester hours of biology, including BY 222 .
  
  • BY 424. Marine Invertebrate Zoology (4)


    Systematics, ecology, physiology, and phylogenetic relationship of locally occurring marine invertebrate taxa. Twenty-four hours of lecture/field work/laboratory per week for five weeks. Prerequisites: BY 222 . BY 320  highly recommended. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 425. Marine Vertebrate Zoology (4)


    Systematics, behavior, physiology, and ecology of marine vertebrates with emphasis on species of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Twenty-four hours of lecture/field work/laboratory per week for five weeks. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 426. Coastal Ornithology (4)


    Distribution, population dynamics, food habits, habitat analysis, and field identification of coastal and pelagic birds in Alabama. Twenty-four hours of lecture/field work/laboratory per week for five weeks. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 427. Marine Behavioral Ecology (4)


    Examines how animal behavior is influenced by and interacts with the environment, and the ecological and evolutionary significance of these behaviors in a marine setting. Prerequisites: BY 222  and MH 246 . Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 428. Vertebrate Zoology (4)


    Survey of vertebrate classes emphasizing their evolution, systematics, anatomy, physiology and ecology. Prerequisites: Twelve semester hours of biology, including BY 222 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 429. Entomology (4)


    Survey of the insects, emphasizing their evolution, systematics, anatomy, physiology, and ecology. Three hours lecture and three hours laboratory per week. Prerequisites: BY 222 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 431. Histology (4)


    A study of the microscopic anatomy of tissue of vertebrates, particularly mammals. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: BY 222 , BY 231 , BY 232  and an additional four hours of biology at 200 level or higher. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 432. Human Embryology (3)


    Gametogenesis and development of humans. Three lecture hours per week. Prerequisites:  ;   recommended.
  
  • BY 441. Environmental Toxicology (4)


    Overview of concepts and terminology combining several diverse disciplines to investigate how society creates, regulates, and perceives the effects of toxic substances in the environment. Health issues and approaches to control the major environmental health problems associated with various occupations in industrialized and developing countries will also be examined. Three lecture hours and two laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Sixteen hours in biology or environmental sciences or permission of the Dean. Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 444. Biotic Response to Sea Level Change (2)


    This course is an overview of sea level change over geologic time with emphasis on mechanisms of change, evidence of past sea level changes, and the impact of expected sea level changes on the marine biosphere.  This course is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in the physical and biological marine sciences.  Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 445. Marine Aquaculture (2)


    This course will introduce students to techniques in live animal culture with an emphasis on basic principles that can be applied to the culture of any organism for research, display, or commercial profit. Prerequisites: general biology required; ichthyology, limnology, and invertebrate zoology suggested, but not required. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 446. Biology and Conservation of Marine Turtles (2)


    This introductory course will provide an overview of the biology and conservation of marine turtles.  The course will culminate with an overnight, multi-day field trip to sea turtle nesting beaches and foraging grounds in the southeastern U. S.  The class will also visit sea turtle research and rehabilitation facilities. Special fees apply.  The fee is nonrefundable unless class is canceled. Prerequisites: introductory course in biology. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 447. Shark and Ray Biology (2)


    This course will provide an introduction to the biology of sharks and rays, with special emphasis on regional shark fauna and field techniques. Prerequisites: one course in general/organismal biology (or equivalent). Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 448. Dolphins and Whales (2)


    This class will be an introduction to the biology of cetaceans (toothed and baleen whales).  Topics covered will include evolution, taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, genetics, behavior, and conservation related to specifies within this Order.  Lab exercises will introduce current methods used in cetacean research. Prerequisites: general biology. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 449. Marine Conservation Biology (4)


    This advanced course is open to juniors, seniors, and graduate students.  This course will explore the major threats to marine biodiversity as well as the pros and cons of the potential solutions to these threats. Prerequisites: an introductory class in either marine or general ecology. Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 450. Ecology (4)


    Relationship between individual organisms and their environment; the structure and function of populations, communities, and ecosystems; and computer usage in data analysis and report writing. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Twelve semester hours of biology and MH 246 . Course fee: $75.00.
  
  • BY 451. Marine Ecology (4)


    Bioenergetics, community structure, population dynamics, predation, competition, and speciation in marine ecosystems. Twenty-four hours of lecture/field work/laboratory per week for five weeks. Prerequisites: BY 212  and BY 222 , CH 112 , and PH 201 . Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 452. Marine Restoration Ecology (2)


    This course will provide an overview of the scientific and technical principles of marine habitat restoration. We will discuss the role of key ecological concepts in restoration, and the role of restoration in science and society. Students will identify structural and functional components of marine habitats and learn how to design restoration projects and monitoring plans that capture these key components of structure and function. Students will learn to recognize when adaptive management may be needed, and how to formulate strategies to correct or maintain the desired trajectory of restored habitats. Students will also be introduced to the interdisciplinary nature of restoration science, including social, ethical, political and economic aspects. Lectures will be supplemented with primary literature reading assignments. Field trips will allow students to see local restoration sites and learn monitoring techniques used in various habitats (e.g., salt marsh, oyster reef, seagrass bed). This course is designed for undergraduate and graduate students. Prerequisites: one year of undergraduate introductory science (preferably including an ecology course). Offered only at the Marine Laboratory, Dauphin Island.
  
  • BY 453. Appalachian Ecology (4)


    A study of the biodiversity and geology of the Appalachian Mountains with particular focus on unique biological communities and the impact of natural and anthropogenic events on the landscape and ecology. Prerequisites: Sixteen hours in biology or environmental sciences or permission of the Dean. Course fee: $450.00.
  
  • BY 454. Conservation Biology (3)


    This course provides an introduction to the field of conservation biology. Three lecture hours per week.
  
  • BY 455. Ecological Management (3)


    Management methods and factors affecting successful management of natural resources, with a look at several specific habitat types.  Online only.
  
  • BY 456. Ecological Restoration (4)


    Exploration of basic principles of ecological restoration including physical, chemical, and biological manipulations required for restoration success. Additionally, this course will provide a detailed examination of practical aspects of restoration in selected ecosystems. Three lecture and three laboratory hours per week. Prerequisites: Twenty hours in biology or environmental sciences or permission of the Dean.
 

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